Kev lag luam LED loj hlob teeb
Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Tus Neeg Yuav Khoom rau Cultivators
Koj tsis yuav lub teeb rau lub tsev pheeb suab loj hlob. Koj tab tom qhia txog lub teeb pom kev zoo rau ib qho chaw - ib qho uas qhov kev txiav txim tsis raug tsis yog tsuas yog them nyiaj rau koj qhov khoom siv xwb, nws raug nqi koj lub hlis ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo, cov nqi hluav taws xob nce ntxiv, thiab cov kab ntoo uas tsis tshua muaj cov lej koj tau npaj rau.
Qhov no yog sau rau cov neeg cog qoob loo, cov neeg saib xyuas chaw, thiablag luam wholesale LED loj hlob teebcov neeg yuav khoom uas yuav tsum tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb yog thawj zaug. Peb mam li npog dab tsi cais qhov tseebcoj mus muag LED loj hlob teeblos ntawm cov neeg siv khoom hnav khaub ncaws ua lag luam, yuav ua li cas kom phimfoldable LED loj hlob teebthiabmodular LED loj hlob teebmus rau txawv chav layouts, dab tsi wattage thiab kev pab them nqi specs tiag tiag txhais tau tias ntawm canopy theem, thiab yuav ua li cas los mus ncaj qha los ntawm ib tugcoj mus muag LED loj hlob teeb chaw tsim tshuaj paustsis them tus neeg faib khoom kos npe.
Twb paub koj chav loj thiab qoob loo?Dhia mus rau ntu 6 - qhia peb txog koj qhov loj me, lub hom phiaj PPFD, thiab pob nyiaj siv. Peb mam li xa koj chav ua tiav nrog PPFD daim ntawv qhia kev faib tawm hauv 24 teev.
Dab tsi ua rau "kev lag luam" LED Loj hlob teeb - Thiab Vim Li Cas Nws Tseem Ceeb
Taug kev los ntawm ib qho kev lag luam qhia thiab koj yuav pom lo lus "kev lag luam" ntawm txhua yam ntawm 100W loj hlob tsev pheeb suab mus rau 1,200W multi-bar system. Daim ntawv lo txhais tsis muaj dab tsi ntawm nws tus kheej. Dab tsi tiag cais aprofessional LED loj hlob teebua rau kev lag luam cog qoob loo los ntawm txhua yam ntxiv los rau plaub yam uas specs feem ntau pom tsis meej.
Feem ntau 'kev lag luam' fixtures yog cov neeg siv khoom siv nrog tus lej loj ntawm lub thawv. Nov yog yuav qhia qhov txawv li cas.
1. Uniformity - qhov kev ntsuas uas txiav txim siab seb feem pua ntawm koj lub tsev ua tau zoo
A siab PPFD LED loj hlob teebuas xa 1,400 µmol / m² / s ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis tsuas yog 700 µmol / m² / s ntawm cov npoo, tsis yog kev lag luam fixture - nws yog qhov tsom teeb. Kev ua lag luam tiag tiag txhais tau tias ± 10-15% kev hloov pauv hauv PPFD thoob plaws tag nrho cheeb tsam kev pab cuam. Qhov kev tsis sib xws no txhais tau ncaj qha mus rau qhov feem pua ntawm koj cov ntoo ncav cuag lub hom phiaj siv, thiab qhov feem pua ua tsis tau zoo.
Hauv 1,000 m² qhov chaw, qhov sib txawv ntawm ± 15% thiab ± 35% tsis sib xws tsis yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kawm. Nws yog 5-10% ntau muag tau tawm los ntawm ib lub voj voog - los ntawm tib lub hluav taws xob, tib lub teeb pom kev zoo, tsuas yog lub teeb pom kev zoo dua geometry.
2. L90 lifespan - tsis yog "50,000 teev" xwb
Txhuantev lifespan LED loj hlob teebntawm kev ua lag luam thov 50,000 teev. Tus lej uas tseem ceeb yog L90 - lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tso zis poob rau 90% ntawm qhov pib. Ib qho kev ntsuas ntsuas ntawm 50,000 teev L70 (70% tso zis ntxiv) tsis zoo ib yam li ib qho ntsuas 50,000 teev L90. Ntawm L70, koj lub hom phiaj PPFD tau drifted 30% ua ntej koj tau pom muaj teeb meem. Qhia L90 rau kev teeb tsa kev lag luam. Tej yam lojcoj mus muag LED loj hlob teeb chaw tsim tshuaj pausyuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv no.
3. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov system - kev lag luam fixture yuav tsum tham nrog chav
Cov neeg siv khoom loj hlob teeb qhib thiab kaw.Kev lag luam LED loj hlob teebkoom ua ke. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias 0–10V dimming rau theem-los ntawm- theem kev siv zog, tswj cheeb tsam rau ntau-chav tsev chaw khiav cov qoob loo sib txawv lossis theem kev loj hlob, thiab kev sib koom ua ke ib puag ncig - thaum koj lub teeb pom kev zoo hloov pauv, koj lub HVAC thiab CO₂ system yuav tsum teb tau. Yog hais tias lub fixture tsis txhawb cov kev sib koom ua ke, nws tsis yog tsim rau kev lag luam cog qoob loo tsis hais nws cov wattage.
4. Thermal design - vim cua sov yog nyiaj
High tso zis LED loj hlob teebtsim kom sov. Lo lus nug yog qhov twg. Cov neeg siv khoom siv pov tseg cov cua sov rau hauv chav tsev. Zoo -engineeredcoj mus muag LED loj hlob teebtswj cov cua sov los ntawm lub fixture nws tus kheej - aluminium heat sink tsim, passive los yog active thermal tswj - junction temperatures tsawg txaus los tuav L90 lifespan thiab txo cov radiant tshav kub load ntawm koj HVAC system. Nyob rau hauv ib chav kaw uas khiav 18 teev ib hnub twg, qhov no tsis yog qhov nthuav dav me me. Nws yog lub chaw ua haujlwm tus nqi sib txawv.
Kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov kev txiav txim siab, tsis yog kev txiav txim siab fixture.Yuav ua li cas koj fixtures cuam tshuam nrog koj chav airflow, HVAC muaj peev xwm, CO₂ tus me nyuam, thiab khib layout txiav txim seb koj cov txiaj ntsig tau tiag tiag. Ntawm JT Grow Light, peb tsim cov teeb pom kev lag luam ua ke nrog cov kev hloov pauv no - tsis nyob hauv kev sib cais.Yog vim li cas peb cov neeg siv khoom tsis ua teeb meem sib xws rau lub hlis tom qab kev teeb tsa.
Foldable vs Modular LED Loj hlob teeb
Qhov twg yog qhov zoo rau koj chav loj hlob?
Nov yog lo lus nug uas peb tau txais feem ntau los ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom lag luam - thiab cov lus teb tseem ceeb dua li cov neeg feem coob paub.Foldable LED loj hlob teebthiabmodular LED loj hlob teebyog ob qho tib si ntau-bar hom, tab sis lawv coj txawv txawv nyob rau hauv txawv chav configurations. Xaiv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm tsis txhais hais tias lub teeb tsis ua haujlwm. Nws txhais tau tias koj tawm tawm los ntawm lub rooj.
Qhov no yog qhov uas feem ntau cov neeg yuav khoom lag luam txiav txim siab tom qab lawv khuv xim. Tsis yog vim ib hom ntawv zoo dua - tab sis vim yog hom ntawv tsis raug rau chav tsev nqi koj tsis tuaj yeem rov qab.
Foldable LED loj hlob teeb
Tus qauv rau kev ruaj khov -layout chav lag luam
Foldable LED loj hlob teebsiv ntau lub teeb ci LED teeb tsa rau ntawm tus ncej folding uas qhib rau qhov dav ruaj khov - feem ntau npog 4 × 4 ft lossis 5 × 5 ft hneev taw rau ib qho khoom siv. Cov thav duab sib xyaw ua kom qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab cov duab geometry zoo ib yam thoob plaws txhua chav, uas yog raws nraim qhov koj xav tau nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov - layout coj mus muag chav uas txhua qhov fixture npog tib cheeb tsam.
Qhov zoo yog qhov tseeb: kev teeb tsa sai dua (nplaum, dai, txuas), qhov sib xws - mus rau -bar qhov sib nrug tau ua kom zoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom kom zoo ib yam, thiab qis dua rau - tus nqi kho dua li cov tshuab ua haujlwm tag nrho. Raucannabis LED loj hlob teebchav nrog tus qauv 4 × 4 lossis 5 × 5 canopy layouts,foldable LED loj hlob teebyog qhov kev xaiv vim li cas.
Modular LED loj hlob teeb
Thaum koj chav tsis haum tus qauv qauv
Modular LED loj hlob teeb- hu uadetachable LED loj hlob teeb(los yog kab laug sab LED loj hlob teeb)- siv nws tus kheej txuas nrog bar units uas tuaj yeem npaj rau hauv ib qho kev teeb tsa. Hloov ntawm ib lub thav duab ruaj khov, txhua qhov bar yog positioned thiab txuas ib tus zuj zus, uas txhais tau hais tias koj tuaj yeem spec qhov kev pab them nqi pes tsawg geometry koj chav xav tau.
Qhov yooj yim los ntawm tus nqi: kev teeb tsa yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua, thiab kev sib koom ua ke nyob ntawm qhov tau txais qhov sib nrug ntawm txoj cai thaum lub sij hawm teeb tsa es tsis yog kev cia siab rau lub Hoobkas geometry. Rau cov chaw uas tsis yog- qhov loj me ntawm chav tsev, cov phiaj xwm rov qab ua dua tshiab, lossis R&D ib puag ncig uas cov layouts hloov ntau zaus,modular LED loj hlob teebyog tsim nyog rau ntxiv teeb complexity.
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Foldable LED Loj hlob teeb |
Modular LED Loj hlob teeb |
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Kev pab cuam hneev taw |
Tsau (4 × 4, 5 × 5 ft txheem) |
Siab configurable rau txhua qhov ntev |
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Installation ceev |
Faster - nthuav tawm thiab dai |
qeeb - txhua qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus kheej |
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Kev tsis sib haum xeeb |
Factory- qhov sib nrug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws |
Nyob ntawm tus installer configuration |
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Zoo tshaj rau |
Standard fixed -layout chav lag luam |
Kev cai qhov ntev, tsis yog - qauv layouts, retrofit tej yaam num |
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Rau - tus nqi kho |
qis |
Siab dua (ntau dua configuration yooj) |
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Kev tu |
Tag nrho fixture hloov yog xav tau |
Kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej - qis qis qis qis |
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Tej daim ntawv thov |
Cannabis flowering room, veg room, multi-chaw ua lag luam |
Cov chaw tsim khoom loj, R & D chav, retrofit rau cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm |
Qhov no yog qhov ua yuam kev tiag tiag uas peb pab cov neeg cog qoob loo kom zam dhau ntawm JT Grow Light - ua ntej nws yuav dhau los ua teeb meem kim tom qab kev teeb tsa.
Tsis paub meej tias hom twg haum rau koj chav?Xa peb koj chav tsev qhov ntev thiab kab layout - peb yuav qhia kom meej cov fixture txoj cai, dai qhov siab, thiab sib nrug los ntaus koj lub hom phiaj PPFD nrog ± 15% uniformity los yog zoo dua. Tsis muaj nqi rau qhov layout.
SpecificationntawmPebcoj mus muag LED loj hlob teeb
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Khoom Style |
Foldable LED loj hlob teeb |
Modular LED loj hlob teeb |
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Wattage |
240/320/480/600/640/720/800/1000/1200/1500 |
240/480/680/860/1060/1260 |
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Full Spectrum |
Tag nrho spectrum+660nm+730nm (Customized) |
Tag nrho spectrum+360nm+660nm+730nm (Customized) |
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Lub teeb Source |
Samsung 281B/301B/301H/301H EVO |
Samsung 281B/301B/301H/301H EVO |
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PPE |
2.8 ~ 3.2 umol/J |
2.8 ~ 3.2 umol/J |
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PPFD Uniformity |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 0.85 |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 0.85 |
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PF |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.95 |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.95 |
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Beam lub kaum sab xis |
120 degree |
120 degree |
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ROI |
Kev txuag hluav taws xob vs HPS: txog li 40-50% |
Kev txuag hluav taws xob vs HPS: txog li 40-50% |
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Kev pab them nqi |
2 x 4 x 4 ft 5 x 5 ft 6 x 6 ft |
2 x 4 x 4 ft 5 x 5 ft 6 x 6 ft |
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Txhawb Dimmer |
0-10V dimming |
0-10V dimming |
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Kev ntsuas IP |
IP65 |
IP65 |
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Lifespan (hour) |
>50000 |
>50000 |
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Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm (teev) |
>50000 |
>50000 |
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Khoom hnyav (kg) |
10~25 |
10~25 |
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Input voltage (V) |
AC110-277/50/60Hz |
AC110-277/50/60Hz |
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Ua haujlwm kub (degree) |
-20℃~ +45 degree |
-20℃~ +45 degree |
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Teeb Lub Cev Khoom |
Aluminium Alloy |
Aluminium Alloy |
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Xim Rendering Index (Ra) |
90 |
90 |
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Txoj kev ua kom txias |
passive txias |
passive txias |
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Mounting Qhov siab |
Loj dua los yog sib npaug li 6 "(15.2cm) Saum toj no canopy |
Loj dua los yog sib npaug li 6 "(15.2cm) Saum toj no canopy |
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Kev kho kom haum |
OEM & ODM |
OEM & ODM |
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Daim ntawv pov thawj |
CE FC HoHS |
CE FC HoHS |
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Warranty (Xyoo) |
5-Xyoo |
5-Xyoo |
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Daim ntawv thov |
Sab hauv tsev, ntsug ua liaj ua teb, Tsev pheebsuab, Cannabis cog qoob loo |
Sab hauv tsev, ntsug ua liaj ua teb, Loj tsev pheebsuab, cog Cannabis |
Qhov twg coj mus muag LED loj hlob teeb yog siv tiag tiag
Thaum neeg nrhiavcoj mus muag LED loj hlob teeb, lawv feem ntau xav tau cov lus teb luv luv: cannabis, ntsug ua liaj ua teb, cov nroj tsuag sab hauv tsev. Tab sis cov lus nug tseem ceeb tshaj yog: yuav ua li cas yog tias koj xaiv lub teeb pom kev tsis ncaj ncees rau koj daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb?
Kev cog cannabis sab hauv tsev - Cov teeb meem Canopy Uniformity
Taug kev mus rau hauv chav ua lag luam cannabis thaum nruab nrab - paj thiab koj tam sim nkag siab txog qhov kev sib tw. Lub canopy yog ntom. Nroj tsuag yog sib tw aggressively rau lub teeb. Cannabis LED loj hlob teeb yuav tsum xa dav, txawm tias kev pab them nqi - tsis muaj zog siv nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw.
Cov buds qis hauv thaj chaw tsis zoo tau txais cov photons tsawg dua, ua rau cov paj tsis sib xws, tsis sib xws hauv tib pawg, thiab qis dua tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ib square feet. Qhov no yog vim li cas feem ntau cov kws tshaj lij cannabis ua haujlwm siv ntau-bar foldable fixtures nyob ntawm 600W-1,000W, tsim tshwj xeeb los nthuav tawm lub teeb hla 4x4 ft txog 5x5 ft hneev taw ntawm PPFD qib ntawm 800-1,200 umol / m2 / s thaum lub paj.
Vertical Farming thiab Multi-Layer Rack Systems
Vertical farms ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev txwv sib txawv kiag li. Txhua txheej loj hlob yog txwv nyob rau hauv qhov siab - feem ntau tsawg li 30-50 cm ntawm clearance ntawm lub canopy thiab fixture. Kev ua liaj ua teb ntsug LED teeb yuav tsum haum rau hauv qhov sib sib zog nqus ntsug thaum tseem xa tawm cov khoom sib xws thoob plaws lub txee dav.
Thaum tshav kub kub buildup ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog ib qho teeb meem loj ua haujlwm. Txawm tias 2-3℃Celsius nce hauv inter-qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua kom cov pa tawm mus thiab nce cov av noo mus rau qhov tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau. Tias yog vim li cas modular LED loj hlob teeb - slim, ntawm nws tus kheej hloov bar -style units - yog hom nyiam nyob rau hauv khib systems. Lawv sib xyaw kom huv si, txo cov cua sov kom tsawg rau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab ua kom yooj yim txij nkawm.
Wattage, Kev Pabcuam, thiab PPFD
Dab tsi cov lej tiag txhais tau ntawm Canopy Level
Wattage yog thawj tus naj npawb buyers saib. Nws tseem yog tus lej tsawg kawg nkaus rau kev kwv yees kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntoo. Ob1000W LED loj hlob teeblos ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv tuaj yeem xa cov PPFD sib txawv kiag li ntawm koj lub tsev pheeb suab - thiab tus nqi pheej yig dua tuaj yeem xa cov teeb pom kev tsawg dua thaum siv hluav taws xob ntau dua. Nov yog yuav ua li cas nyeem cov lej kom raug.
Wattage qhia koj tias koj siv hluav taws xob li cas. PPFD qhia koj tias koj cov nroj tsuag tau txais dab tsi. Cov no tsis yog tib tus lej.
1. Yuav ua li cas wattage maps rau kev lag luam PPFD lub hom phiaj
Hauv kev lag luam cog qoob loo, koj yog engineering mus rau lub hom phiaj PPFD - tsis yog tus lej wattage. Lub wattage koj xav tau nyob ntawm PPE ntawm lub fixture uas koj xaiv thiab thaj chaw uas koj ua haujlwm nrog. Ntawm no yog ib qho kev siv tswv yim rau yuav ua li cas lub zog ua lag luam tseem ceeb ua haujlwm:
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Hwj chim Range |
Hom PPE |
Kev Pabcuam Footprint |
Canopy PPFD (kwv yees) |
Daim ntawv thov kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws |
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640W LED loj hlob teeb |
2.8–3.1 µmol/J |
4 × 4 ft (1.2 × 1.2 m) |
900-1,100 μmol / m² / s |
Cannabis flowering, siab - cov qoob loo muaj nqis |
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720W LED loj hlob teeb |
2.8–3.0 µmol/J |
4 × 4 rau 5 × 4 ft |
950-1,150 μmol / m² / s |
Siab - siv chav paj |
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800W LED loj hlob teeb |
2.8–3.1 µmol/J |
4 × 4 rau 5 × 5 ft |
1,000-1,200 μmol / m² / s |
Kev lag luam cannabis, loj ib leeg - chav tsev canopy |
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1000W LED loj hlob teeb |
2.8–3.0 µmol/J |
5 × 5 ft (1.5 × 1.5 m) |
1,000-1,300 μmol / m² / s |
Qhov siab tshaj plaws siv paj, siab CO₂ chaw |
Nco tseg: PPFD cov duab yog nyob ntawm 60 cm mounting nrug. Qhov tseeb PPFD yog nyob ntawm qhov siab mounting, chav reflectivity, thiab fixture spacing. Ib txwm txheeb xyuas nrog PPFD daim ntawv qhia ntawm koj qhov kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb - tsis yog cov chaw tsim khoom siv.
2. Kev pab cuam hneev taw: 4 × 4, 5 × 5, thiab 4 × 8 - kev sib piv rau chav layout
Kev pab cuam hneev taw tseem ceeb npaum li lub ncov PPFD. A4 × 4 LED loj hlob teebmuab tso rau ntawm thaj tsam 5 × 5 yuav ntaus koj lub hom phiaj sib luag ntawm qhov chaw tab sis poob ntawm cov npoo. A5 × 5 LED loj hlob teebsiv nyob rau hauv 4 × 4 qhov chaw pov tseg tawm thiab overlaps inefficient nrog cov uas nyob ib sab fixtures. Nov yog yuav ua li cas xav txog nws los ntawm chav tsev:
- 4 × 4 LED loj hlob teeb- tus qauv ib zaug - tsob nroj lossis 4-cog tsob ntoo. Kev teeb tsa feem ntau hauv cov chaw ua lag luam cannabis. 640W–720W ntau yam.
- 5 × 5 LED loj hlob teeb- kev siv ntau dua rau ib qho kev sib tw, npog ntau lub qhov rooj rau ib chav tsev, txo cov suav suav hauv chav loj. 800W–1,000W ntau yam.
- 4 × 8 LED loj hlob teeb- daim duab plaub rau rooj -raws li los yog khib. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv propagation chav thiab coj mus muag veg theem.
Qhov yuam kev uas nkim nyiaj ntau dua li lwm yam hauv kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo:muas fixtures rau lawv lub ncov chaw PPFD, ces nrhiav pom ntug kev pab them nqi yog 40-50% qis dua. Ib txwm thov ib daim ntawv qhia tag nrho PPFD faib rau koj thaj tsam ntawm koj qhov siab dai ua ntej xaj. Ib txoj caicoj mus muag LED loj hlob teeb Hoobkasmuab qhov no tsis muaj hesitation.
3. High wattage vs high efficiency: kev lag luam tiag -tawm
High wattage loj hlob teebthiabhigh efficiency LED loj hlob teebtsis yog tib yam - thiab tsis meej pem yog qhov yuam kev kim. Lub 1,200W fixture ntawm 2.2 µmol/J muab lub teeb siv tau tsawg dua li 640W fixture ntawm 3.0 µmol/J - thiab raug nqi ze li ob npaug ntau npaum li kev khiav. Hauv kev lag luam cog qoob loo,siab zog loj hlob teebua rau kev nkag siab thaum koj xav tau qhov siab tshaj plaws PPFD siv hauv CO₂-ib puag ncig zoo. Tab sis siab dua wattage ib leeg tsis txhais tau tias zoo dua. Siab dua PPE ua.
Tag nrho Spectrum, UV / IR, thiab Adjustable Spectrum
Dab tsi ua lag luam loj hlob tiag tiag xav tau
Spectrum yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev lag luam feem ntau cov neeg cog qoob loo underspecify. Txhua tus paub tias lawv xav tau xim liab thiab xiav. Tsawg tus neeg cog qoob loo xav ua tib zoo xav txog qhov kev teeb tsa tag nrho ntawm cov qoob loo zoo li cas - tsis yog qhov hnyav, tab sis muaj zog, terpene qhia, xim, Brix cov ntsiab lus, thiab qib khoom lag luam.
Spectrum tsis yog cuam tshuam rau koj cov qoob loo loj hlob sai npaum li cas. Nws cuam tshuam qhov koj cov qoob loo muaj nqis thaum nws muag.
Tag nrho spectrum LED loj hlob teeb - lub hauv paus kev lag luam
Tag nrho spectrum LED loj hlob teebmuab ib tug dav wavelength faib thoob plaws 380-780 nm ntau yam, npog tag nrho cov photosynthetically nquag wavelengths ntxiv rau deb-liab. Rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam - cannabis cog qoob loo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qoob loo, nplooj ntsuab ntawm kev lag luam teev - qhov dej-tsimtag nrho spectrum LED loj hlob teeb rau sab hauv tsevyog qhov pib qhov tseeb. Cov lus nug yog seb lub spectrum ruaj khov txaus los yog seb koj cov qoob loo raws tu qauv tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev hloov kho.
Dimmable thiab adjustable spectrum - thaum tswj teeb meem
Dimmable LED loj hlob teebcia koj kho qhov kev siv zog yam tsis tau hloov cov khoom siv - tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov theem kev loj hlob sib txawv nyob rau hauv tib chav tsev, ramping li PPFD maj mam tom qab hloov, los yog txo qhov kev siv ntawm cov hnub kawg ua ntej sau qoob.Adjustable spectrum LED loj hlob teebmus ntxiv: koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov piv ntawm xiav, liab, thiab deb-liab channels ntawm nws tus kheej hla cov theem loj hlob.
Rau kev lag luam loj, kho spectrum tsis yog khoom kim heev. Hloov los ntawm xiav -tseem ceeb (vegetative) mus rau liab- tseem ceeb (paj) yam tsis tau hloov ib qho kev sib tw - thiab ua nws ntawm lub sijhawm hla 1,000 m² qhov chaw - yog raws nraim hom kev tswj hwm kev lag luam uas cais cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam cog qoob loo los ntawm kev tawg - txawm tias.
LED loj hlob teeb nrog UV thiab IR - tus neeg tsav tsheb zoo tshaj plaws uas cov neeg cog qoob loo pom
LED loj hlob teeb nrog UV thiab IRtau nce tus qauv hauv kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws cannabis ua haujlwm. UV (280–400 nm) txhawb nqa cov metabolite theem nrab - terpenes, flavonoids, cannabinoids - uas tsav cov khoom muaj zog thiab qib zoo. IR (dav-liab, 700–800 nm) activates Emerson li nyhuv, txhim kho photosynthetic efficiency, thiab yog lub hauv paus rau photoperiod manipulation rau ceev flowering.
Cov ntaub ntawv lag luam rau UV / IR yog ncaj nraim: hauv kev lag luam cannabis muaj ntawv tso cai uas cov khoom muag muag ntawm $ 3-8 / gram lossis ntau dua, kev txhim kho 5-10% hauv qib zoo lossis potency ib batch yog tsim nyog ntau dua li tag nrho cov nqi ntawm kev txhim kho teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov no yog vim li castag nrho spectrum LED loj hlob teeb cannabisspecifications nce xws li UV thiab IR raws li tus qauv es tsis yog xaiv tau.
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Spectrum Feature |
Nws Ua Dab Tsi |
Kev lag luam cuam tshuam |
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Tag nrho spectrum (380-780 nm) |
Npog tag nrho cov photosynthetically nquag wavelengths |
Lub hauv paus xav tau rau txhua daim ntawv thov kev lag luam |
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Blue dominant (Veg hom) |
Compact internodes, muaj zog hauv paus kev loj hlob |
Tiv thaiv ncab hauv veg, txhim kho kev hloov pauv kev vam meej |
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Liab dominant (flower mode) |
Peak photosynthesis, paj tshwm sim |
Maximizes paj biomass thiab ntom nyob rau hauv flowering theem |
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Far -liab (700–800 nm) |
Emerson nyhuv, photoperiod teb |
Accelerates flowering, txhim kho qis canopy nkag |
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UV (280-400 nm) |
Secondary metabolite stimulation |
Nce terpenes, cannabinoids, thiab qib khoom zoo |
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Dimmable 0-10V |
Theem-los ntawm-theem siv zog tswj |
Tshem tawm cov kev hloov kho ntawm cov theem kev loj hlob |
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Adjustable spectrum (ntau -channel) |
Independent channel tswj |
Ib qho khoom siv npog tag nrho cov qoob loo - veg kom sau |
Tag nrho peb cov LED loj hlob teeb muaj xws li tag nrho spectrum nrog UV thiab IR raws li tus qauv.Dimmable 0-10V yog tus qauv thoob plaws qhov ntau. Ntau -channel adjustable spectrum yog muaj nyob rau ntawm kev thov - kev cai spectrum configurations matched rau koj tej qoob loo raws tu qauv, los ntawm 1 unit.
Kev lag luam LED Loj hlob teeb ROI
Yuav Ua Li Cas Ua Lag Luam Case
Yog koj tseem ntsuascoj mus muag LED loj hlob teebraws li tus nqi yuav khoom, koj tab tom saib tus lej tsis raug. Hauv kev ua lag luam cog qoob loo, txhua las ntawm cov nqi kho mob yuav tsum tau ntsuas raws li nws tus nqi - thiab nws rov qab los li cas - dhau 5-7 xyoo kev ua haujlwm. Nov yog yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau rooj plaub no kom raug.
Cov neeg cog qoob loo uas ncua kev hloov mus rau LED tsis txuag nyiaj. Lawv siv nws - rau lub zog, hloov lub teeb, thiab tawm los tsis sib xws - thaum lawv cov neeg sib tw tsis ua.
Zog: tus lej uas sib xyaw ua ke txhua lub hlis
High efficiency LED loj hlob teebnrog PPE ntawm 2.8–3.1 µmol/J siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua li HPS cov tshuab xa khoom sib npaug PPFD. Hauv qhov chaw ua lag luam uas khiav 18 teev hauv ib hnub ntawm $ 0.12 / kWh, qhov sib txawv ntawm 2.0 µmol / J system thiab 3.0 µmol / J system - xa tib lub canopy PPFD - yog kwv yees li $ 160 / xyoo ib qhov khoom. Hauv 200-fixture facility, uas yog $ 32,000 toj xyoo. Tshaj tsib xyoos: $ 160,000.
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Qhov Chaw Loj |
HPS Lub Zog Txhua Xyoo |
LED Txhua Xyoo Zog (2.9 µmol/J avg) |
Txuag xyoo |
5-Xyoo Txuag |
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100 fixtures / ~ 400 m² |
~$47,000 |
~$29,000 |
~ $18,000 / xyoo |
~$90,000 |
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200 fixtures / ~ 800 m² |
~$94,000 |
~$58,000 |
~ $36,000 / xyoo |
~$180,000 |
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300 fixtures / ~ 1,200 m² |
~$141,000 |
~$87,000 |
~ $54,000 / xyoo |
~$270,000 |
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500 fixtures / ~ 2,000 m² |
~$235,000 |
~$145,000 |
~ $90,000 / xyoo |
~$450,000 |
Basis: 1000W HPS vs. 640W LED ntawm 2.9 µmol/J. 18 hr/hnub, 365 hnub, $0.12/kWh. Cov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag sib txawv nrog lub zog hauv zos.
Yield sib xws: ROI tsav tsheb tsis muaj leej twg muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv nthuav qhia
Kev txhim kho tsis sib xws ntawm ± 35% (HPS) mus rau ± 12% (kev lag luam LED) cuam tshuam qee yam nyuaj rau kev ntsuas tab sis yooj yim dua rau kev xav thaum kawg ntawm txhua qhov sau: batch- mus rau -batch sib xws. Thaum ntug cov nroj tsuag ntaus tib yam PPFD raws li cov nroj tsuag hauv nruab nrab, kev muab qhab nia ntau dua, lub sij hawm sau tau nruj dua, thiab feem pua ntawm cov khoom saum toj kawg nkaus - qib ib pawg nce. Rau kev ua haujlwm cannabis muaj ntawv tso cai hauv Asmeskas thiab Europe, qhov twg qib hwm tau hais kom tus nqi 30-50% tus nqi tshaj li ib nrab - qib, qhov kev txhim kho qhov sib xws tau cuam tshuam cov nyiaj tau los ncaj qha.
DLC rebates: tus nqi offset feem ntau buyers tsis thov
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas,DLC teev LED loj hlob teebtsim nyog rau cov kev pab cuam rov qab them nqi hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem them 20-40% ntawm cov nqi sib tw. Hauv 300-fixturecoj mus muag LED loj hlob teebkev teeb tsa, qhov ntawd yog $15,000–$45,000 rov qab - txaus txav nyiaj rov qab los ntawm 14 lub hlis mus rau qis dua 10. Txhua qhov khoom siv hauv peb qhov ntau nqa DLC Horticultural npe raws li tus qauv.
Xav tau tus lej them rov qab rau koj qhov chaw?Xa koj cov khoom siv tam sim no rau peb, wattage, tus nqi zog, thiab qhov loj me. Peb yuav tsim kom muaj 5- xyoo tus qauv nqi - txuag hluav taws xob, txo HVAC, kev tsim nyog tau txais nyiaj rov qab, thiab lub sijhawm them rov qab - tshwj xeeb rau koj txoj haujlwm. Xa rov qab rau koj hauv 24 teev.
Daim ntawv pov thawj rau kev lag luam LED loj hlob teeb
Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Europe
Cov ntawv pov thawj yog ib feem ntawm cov spec uas tau kuaj xyuas zaum kawg - thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem kim tshaj plaws thaum nws tsis raug. Ib qho khoom siv uas tsis yog ETL teev yuav tsis muaj kev pov hwm hauv koj qhov chaw. Ib qho khoom siv uas tsis yog DLC teev tseg tsis tsim nyog koj los ntawm cov nyiaj rov qab muaj nqis ntau txhiab daus las. Paub yam koj xav tau ua ntej koj xaj.
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Kev ua lag luam |
Yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj |
Yuav Ua Li Cas Yog Tsis Muaj Nws |
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USA - Kev lag luam |
ETL lossis UL Listed |
Cov khoom siv yuav tsis ua raws li NEC cov cai. Kev pov hwm kev pov hwm rau qhov chaw yuav raug cuam tshuam. |
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Teb Chaws Asmeskas - Rebate Programs |
DLC Horticultural Listed |
Tsis tsim nyog los ntawm cov kev pab them nqi hluav taws xob hauv CA, CO, MI, IL thiab lwm lub xeev. $ 30-150 rau ib qho kev sib tw uas tsis tau lees paub. |
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Tebchaws USA - Wireless Controls |
FCC |
Tsis yog -raws li wireless dimming systems tuaj yeem tsim EMI cuam tshuam hauv cov chaw lag luam. |
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EU / UK - Txhua yam kev lag luam |
CE + RoHS |
Tsis raug cai rau import, muag, lossis nruab. Tsis muaj kev zam rau cov chaw lag luam. |
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Tsev cog khoom / Cov chaw ntub dej |
IP65 yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
Fixtures nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej tsis muaj qhov ntsuas IP65 ntsib qhov ua tsis tiav ntxov thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. |
Txhua yam khoom siv los ntawm pebcoj mus muag LED loj hlob teeb Hoobkastau ntawv pov thawj rauETL, CE, DLC, RoHS, thiab IP65raws li tus qauv. Tsis yog ib qho kev txhim kho qib. Tsis yog ib qho kev xaiv pob. Txuj. IP66 variants muaj nyob rau hauv active irrigation ib puag ncig. OEM thiab ntiag tug daim ntawv lo cov kev pab cuam suav nrog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv qab koj lub npe.
Kev muag khoom coj mus muag LED loj hlob teeb
Lag luam wholesale, OEM, thiab Hoobkas ncaj qha
Ntawm JT Loj Hlob Lub Teeb, peb ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam thiab cov xa tawm ntawm cov phiaj xwm ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Kev muag khoom teeb pom kev zoo ntawm qhov ntsuas yog ib txoj kev sib txawv los ntawm kev yuav ob peb qhov khoom siv rau chav me me. Cov kev txiav txim siab uas koj txiav txim siab los ntawm kev muab - lub Hoobkas ncaj qha vs. tus neeg muag khoom, cov khoom lag luam tus qauv vs. kev cai, tawm - lub - txee vs. OEM - muaj txiaj ntsig cuam tshuam rau cov nqi tsim khoom, sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab yuav ua li cas thaum koj xav tau kev txhawb nqa rau lub hlis tom qab xa khoom.
Cov neeg yuav khoom lag luam feem ntau them 20-35% ntau dua li lawv xav tau - tsis yog vim LED loj hlob teeb yog kim, tab sis vim lawv tab tom yuav los ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm channel.
Factory ncaj qha: nws txhais tau li cas
Raws li kev lag luam LED loj hlob teeb chaw tsim khoom, JT Grow Light zaum ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus nqi qauv.
Txhua txheej ntawm lub Hoobkas thiab cov neeg yuav khoom ntxiv cov npoo - tus neeg muag khoom, muag khoom, khw muag khoom. Ntawm $150,000 qhov teeb pom kev zoo, qhov sib txawv ntawm 20–35% yog $30,000–$52,500 - cov peev nyiaj tiag tiag uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau kev tsim qauv zoo dua, PPE fixtures ntau dua, lossis ROI sai dua.
Tshaj li tus nqi, ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog JT Grow Light txhais tau tias:
• Nkag mus ncaj qha rau peb pab pawg engineering rau kev teeb tsa thiab kev qhia tshwj xeeb
• Ncua sij hawm ntau lawm - tsis muaj txheej nruab nrab ncua
• Muaj peev xwm kho qhov tshwj xeeb ua ntej ntau lawm - tsis yog tom qab xa khoom
Lag luam wholesale thiab bulk coj mus muag LED loj hlob teeb txiav txim
Rau cov lag luam loj LED loj hlob teeb xaj, JT Grow Light txhawb nqa ob qhov project buyers thiab distributors thoob ntiaj teb.
• 8,000–12,000 units / hli muaj peev xwm tsim tau
• 4 hauv- cov kab ntau lawm hauv tsev
• 100% kev laus thiab kev soj ntsuam zoo ua ntej ua zaub mov xa tuaj
Peb lub sijhawm ua tus qauv:
• 10-15 hnub rau cov khoom txheem
• Cov khoom ruaj khov rau ntau-theem lossis ntau-chav ua haujlwm
Tus nqi lag luam wholesale yog muaj raws li ntim - thiab tsim los pab txhawb lub sijhawm ntev - faib, tsis yog ib qho - tawm kev lag luam.
OEM coj mus muag LED loj hlob teeb: los ntawm 1 unit, 20-25 hnub ua lub sij hawm
Ib yam uas ntau tus neeg yuav khoom tsis xav tau thaum ua haujlwm nrog JT Loj Hlob Teeb: OEM thiab kev cai teeb tsa tsis tas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab yam tsawg kawg nkaus
Los ntawm 1 units, peb txhawb:
• Kev cai spectrum configuration - tsau los yog ntau-channel adjustable
• Tus kheej daim ntawv lo cim npe - logo, ntim, cov ntaub ntawv
• Tsav tsheb thiab tswj kev sib koom ua ke - 0–10V, PWM, DALI
• Daim ntawv pov thawj raws li koj hom - ETL/DLC (USA), CE/RoHS (EU)
• Kev ntim khoom thiab khoom siv rau kev faib khoom
Lub sijhawm ua:
• 20-25 hnub rau kev cai / OEM
• Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj npaj ua ke nrog kev tsim khoom
Tsim ib qho kev faib tawm lossis qhia txog qhov kev lag luam loj?Qhia peb koj qhov kev suav suav, lub hom phiaj kev lag luam, spectrum xav tau, thiab txhua yam kev xav tau OEM. Peb teb nrog tus nqi tag nrho, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv 24 teev. Tsis muaj distributor nyob nruab nrab.
Peb Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj
CE
IP66
CE
RoHS
FCC
CE
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm foldable thiab modular LED loj hlob teeb?
A: Foldable LED loj hlob teeb siv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke folding thav duab nrog qhov sib txuas ruaj khov - nrawm dua rau nruab, Hoobkas- ua kom zoo rau qhov sib xws, zoo dua rau cov qauv ruaj khov - cov chav layout. Modular LED loj hlob teeb siv nws tus kheej qhov chaw tuav uas tuaj yeem teeb tsa rau ib qho kev teeb tsa - zoo dua rau qhov kev cai qhov ntev thiab cov phiaj xwm rov qab. Ob hom ntawv xa tawm kev lag luam- qib kev ua tau zoo thaum teev raug. Txoj kev xaiv yog nyob ntawm koj chav geometry.
Q: Kuv xav tau pes tsawg watts rau kev lag luam cannabis cog?
A: PPFD lub hom phiaj yog txoj cai pib, tsis yog wattage. Rau cannabis paj, lub hom phiaj 900-1,200 μmol / m² / s. Nrog rau qhov zoo 640W LED loj hlob lub teeb ntawm 3.0 µmol / J, koj yuav ntaus 900–1,100 µmol / m² / s hla 4 × 4 ft hneev taw ntawm 60 cm mounting qhov siab. Ib qho 800W LED loj hlob lub teeb ntawm tib PPE npog thaj tsam 5 × 5 ft ntawm qhov sib xws. Qhov kev hloov pauv li cas yog kev pab cuam hneev taw, tsis yog lub zog nyoos xwb.
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov kev pab them nqi zoo tshaj plaws rau 1000W LED loj hlob lub teeb?
A: 1000W LED loj hlob lub teeb ntawm 2.8–3.0 µmol / J optimally npog ib 5 × 5 ft (1.5 × 1.5 m) hneev taw ntawm 1,000–1,300 µmol / m² / s PPFD, mounted ntawm 60–75 cm saum toj no canopy. Thawb nws mus rau thaj tsam 6 × 6 ft txo qhov nruab nrab PPFD thiab kev sib txig sib luag. Rau qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv CO₂-ib puag ncig ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig, khaws kev pab them nqi ntawm 5 × 5 lossis nruj dua.
Q: Puas yog kev lag luam LED loj hlob teeb xav tau UV thiab IR?
A: Rau kev lag luam cannabis cog qoob loo tsom rau qib qib zoo thiab siab tshaj plaws terpene / cannabinoid qhia: yog. LED loj hlob teeb nrog UV thiab IR ntsuas tau txhim kho cov txheej txheem metabolite thib ob - uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom qib thiab cov nqi muag hauv khw muag khoom. Rau cov khoom lag luam nplooj ntsuab thiab tshuaj ntsuab uas qhov hnyav tawm los yog qhov kev ntsuas thawj zaug, UV / IR muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv. Peb suav nrog UV thiab IR raws li tus qauv ntawm peb cov khoom lag luam vim tias peb cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau hauv kev cog qoob loo.
Q: Cov ntawv pov thawj dab tsi ua lag luam LED loj hlob teeb xav tau hauv Asmeskas?
A: ETL lossis UL daim ntawv teev npe rau kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob thiab kev pov hwm ua raws cai; DLC Horticultural npe rau cov nqi hluav taws xob rov qab tsim nyog; FCC rau wireless tswj systems; IP65 rau huab cua puag ncig. Tag nrho peb cov lag luam LED loj hlob teeb nqa tag nrho plaub raws li tus qauv. Kev teev npe DLC yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb - 200-fixture installation yam tsis muaj DLC tuaj yeem txhais tau tias $ 6,000– $ 30,000 hauv cov nyiaj rov qab uas tsis tau lees paub.
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov kev txiav txim yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau kev lag luam LED loj hlob teeb lag luam wholesale?
A: Tsis muaj qhov kev txiav txim yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov khoom txheem. Rau kev lag luam LED loj hlob teeb lag luam wholesale ntim nqi, tiv tauj peb nrog koj cov suav suav thiab lub hom phiaj ua lag luam. OEM thiab kev cai configurations muaj nyob rau ntawm 1 unit nrog 20-25 hnub coj mus kuaj.
Q: Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj li paub tseeb tias lub lag luam LED loj hlob teeb lub chaw tsim khoom puas ntseeg tau?
A: Nug rau: (1) qhov system- qib PPE cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm thib peb- kev kuaj sim ntawm tog - tsis chip spec sheets; (2) PPFD daim ntawv qhia kev faib tawm ntawm koj qhov siab tshwj xeeb; (3) L90 lifespan data, tsis yog L70 xwb; (4) Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau ETL, DLC, CE raws li muaj feem xyuam; (5) cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov khoom lag luam sib piv. Ib tus neeg tsim khoom lag luam uas tsis txaus siab rau ib qho ntawm cov no yog qhia koj ib yam tseem ceeb.
Q: Ntev npaum li cas cov teeb pom kev lag luam LED loj hlob tuaj?
A: Lub neej ntev ntev LED loj hlob teeb pom kev zoo yog ntsuas 50,000+ teev ntawm L90 - lub ntsiab lus Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 90% ntawm cov khoom tso tawm thawj zaug khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Ntawm 18 teev / hnub hauv kev lag luam, uas yog kwv yees li 7-8 xyoo ua ntej cov khoom tsim tawm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Tsav tsheb ntawm 70-80% ntawm cov ntsuas tam sim no txuas ntxiv qhov no los ntawm kev txo cov kev ntxhov siab thermal.
Npaj los Qhia Koj Chav Ua Lag Luam? Nov yog Koj Cov Kauj Ruam Tom ntej
Yog tias koj twb tau ntsib cov txiaj ntsig tsis sib xws, tsis zoo ib yam, lossis siab dua - ntau dua - cov nqi hluav taws xob xav tau, koj tsis nyob ib leeg - peb pom qhov no tsis tu ncua thaum lub tshuab tau teev tsis raug txij thaum pib.
Txhua lub lim tiam koj khiav lub teeb pom kev zoo, nws raug nqi koj lub zog, nyob rau hauv qhov sib xws, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov koj lub chaw tsim khoom thiab qhov nws muaj peev xwm. Nov yog qhov peb coj mus rau qhov project teeb pom kev lag luam:
- PPE 2.8–3.1 µmol/J system- qib- txheeb xyuas los ntawm thib peb -cov ntaub ntawv hauv chav kuaj, tsis yog kev lag luam thov
- ± 10-15% PPFD uniformity- hla tag nrho cov hneev taw, tsis yog nyob hauv nruab nrab xwb
- Tag nrho spectrum nrog UV thiab IR, 0-10V dimmable- tus qauv ntawm txhua qhov khoom lag luam
- ETL + DLC + CE + RoHS + IP65- txhua qhov kev sib tw, txhua qhov kev txiav txim, tsis tas yuav hloov kho dua tshiab
- Foldable thiab modular hom- 240W rau 1,000W, 4 × 4 rau 4 × 8 kev pab them nqi
- OEM thiab tus kheej daim ntawv lo los ntawm 1 unit- 20–25 hnub ua ntej, daim ntawv pov thawj tag nrho raws li koj lub hom phiaj
- Lag luam wholesale cov kev pab cuam rau teb chaws USA thiab Europe- 10–15 hnub ua haujlwm, 8,000–12,000 units / hli
Qhia rau peb txog koj chav tsev qhov ntev, qoob loo, lub hom phiaj PPFD, thiab teeb pom kev zoo tam sim no.Peb yuav xa koj daim duab qhia kev ua tiav tag nrho - PPFD daim ntawv qhia kev faib tawm, suav suav, dai qhov siab, qauv hluav taws xob, thiab DLC cov nyiaj rov qab kwv yees rau koj lub xeev lossis lub tebchaws - hauv 24 teev.Tsis yog kev muag khoom. Ib layout.Cov ntaub ntawv tseeb uas koj xav tau los txiav txim siab zoo rau koj qhov chaw.
← Rov qab mus rau:LED Loj hlob teeb- Ua kom tiav Daim Ntawv Qhia Cov Neeg Yuav Khoom
→ Hais txog:Tsev cog khoom LED Loj hlob teeb | Vertical Farming LED Teeb pom kev zoo | Hauv qab Canopy Teeb pom kev zoo| Quantum Board Loj Hlob Teeb
Peb paub zoo-paub tias yog ib qho ntawm cov ua lag luam coj loj hlob teeb1 manufacturers thiab lwm tus neeg nyob hauv Suav teb. Thov so assured mus yuav pheej yig coj mus muag loj hlob teeb1 muag ntawm no los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Tiv tauj peb rau kev pabcuam customized thiab cov ntaub ntawv luv nqi.
